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server/internal/client: use chunksums for concurrent blob verification (#9746)

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Replace large-chunk blob downloads with parallel small-chunk
verification to solve timeout and performance issues. Registry users
experienced progressively slowing download speeds as large-chunk
transfers aged, often timing out completely.

The previous approach downloaded blobs in a few large chunks but
required a separate, single-threaded pass to read the entire blob back
from disk for verification after download completion.

This change uses the new chunksums API to fetch many smaller
chunk+digest pairs, allowing concurrent downloads and immediate
verification as each chunk arrives. Chunks are written directly to their
final positions, eliminating the entire separate verification pass.

The result is more reliable downloads that maintain speed throughout the
transfer process and significantly faster overall completion, especially
over unstable connections or with large blobs.
This commit is contained in:
Blake Mizerany
2025-03-13 22:18:29 -07:00
committed by GitHub
parent 4ea4d2b189
commit eb2b22b042
8 changed files with 441 additions and 291 deletions
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368
server/internal/client/ollama/registry.go
View File

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import (
"fmt"
"io"
"io/fs"
"iter"
"log/slog"
"net/http"
"os"
@@ -38,7 +39,6 @@ import (
"github.com/ollama/ollama/server/internal/chunks"
"github.com/ollama/ollama/server/internal/internal/backoff"
"github.com/ollama/ollama/server/internal/internal/names"
"github.com/ollama/ollama/server/internal/internal/syncs"
_ "embed"
)
@@ -66,12 +66,7 @@ var (
const (
// DefaultChunkingThreshold is the threshold at which a layer should be
// split up into chunks when downloading.
DefaultChunkingThreshold = 128 << 20
// DefaultMaxChunkSize is the default maximum size of a chunk to
// download. It is configured based on benchmarks and aims to strike a
// balance between download speed and memory usage.
DefaultMaxChunkSize = 8 << 20
DefaultChunkingThreshold = 64 << 20
)
var defaultCache = sync.OnceValues(func() (*blob.DiskCache, error) {
@@ -211,8 +206,7 @@ type Registry struct {
// pushing or pulling models. If zero, the number of streams is
// determined by [runtime.GOMAXPROCS].
//
// Clients that want "unlimited" streams should set this to a large
// number.
// A negative value means no limit.
MaxStreams int
// ChunkingThreshold is the maximum size of a layer to download in a single
@@ -282,24 +276,13 @@ func DefaultRegistry() (*Registry, error) {
}
func (r *Registry) maxStreams() int {
n := cmp.Or(r.MaxStreams, runtime.GOMAXPROCS(0))
// Large downloads require a writter stream, so ensure we have at least
// two streams to avoid a deadlock.
return max(n, 2)
return cmp.Or(r.MaxStreams, runtime.GOMAXPROCS(0))
}
func (r *Registry) maxChunkingThreshold() int64 {
return cmp.Or(r.ChunkingThreshold, DefaultChunkingThreshold)
}
// chunkSizeFor returns the chunk size for a layer of the given size. If the
// size is less than or equal to the max chunking threshold, the size is
// returned; otherwise, the max chunk size is returned.
func (r *Registry) maxChunkSize() int64 {
return cmp.Or(r.MaxChunkSize, DefaultMaxChunkSize)
}
type PushParams struct {
// From is an optional destination name for the model. If empty, the
// destination name is the same as the source name.
@@ -426,6 +409,21 @@ func canRetry(err error) bool {
return re.Status >= 500
}
// trackingReader is an io.Reader that tracks the number of bytes read and
// calls the update function with the layer, the number of bytes read.
//
// It always calls update with a nil error.
type trackingReader struct {
r io.Reader
n *atomic.Int64
}
func (r *trackingReader) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
n, err = r.r.Read(p)
r.n.Add(int64(n))
return
}
// Pull pulls the model with the given name from the remote registry into the
// cache.
//
@@ -434,11 +432,6 @@ func canRetry(err error) bool {
// typically slower than splitting the model up across layers, and is mostly
// utilized for layers of type equal to "application/vnd.ollama.image".
func (r *Registry) Pull(ctx context.Context, name string) error {
scheme, n, _, err := r.parseNameExtended(name)
if err != nil {
return err
}
m, err := r.Resolve(ctx, name)
if err != nil {
return err
@@ -457,126 +450,95 @@ func (r *Registry) Pull(ctx context.Context, name string) error {
return err == nil && info.Size == l.Size
}
t := traceFromContext(ctx)
g, ctx := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
g.SetLimit(r.maxStreams())
layers := m.Layers
if m.Config != nil && m.Config.Digest.IsValid() {
layers = append(layers, m.Config)
}
for _, l := range layers {
// Send initial layer trace events to allow clients to have an
// understanding of work to be done before work starts.
t := traceFromContext(ctx)
skip := make([]bool, len(layers))
for i, l := range layers {
t.update(l, 0, nil)
if exists(l) {
skip[i] = true
t.update(l, l.Size, ErrCached)
}
}
g, ctx := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
g.SetLimit(r.maxStreams())
for i, l := range layers {
if skip[i] {
continue
}
blobURL := fmt.Sprintf("%s://%s/v2/%s/%s/blobs/%s", scheme, n.Host(), n.Namespace(), n.Model(), l.Digest)
req, err := r.newRequest(ctx, "GET", blobURL, nil)
chunked, err := c.Chunked(l.Digest, l.Size)
if err != nil {
t.update(l, 0, err)
continue
}
defer chunked.Close()
t.update(l, 0, nil)
if l.Size <= r.maxChunkingThreshold() {
g.Go(func() error {
// TODO(bmizerany): retry/backoff like below in
// the chunking case
res, err := sendRequest(r.client(), req)
if err != nil {
return err
}
defer res.Body.Close()
err = c.Put(l.Digest, res.Body, l.Size)
if err == nil {
t.update(l, l.Size, nil)
}
return err
})
} else {
q := syncs.NewRelayReader()
var progress atomic.Int64
for cs, err := range r.chunksums(ctx, name, l) {
if err != nil {
t.update(l, progress.Load(), err)
break
}
g.Go(func() (err error) {
defer func() { q.CloseWithError(err) }()
return c.Put(l.Digest, q, l.Size)
})
defer func() { t.update(l, progress.Load(), err) }()
var progress atomic.Int64
// We want to avoid extra round trips per chunk due to
// redirects from the registry to the blob store, so
// fire an initial request to get the final URL and
// then use that URL for the chunk requests.
req.Header.Set("Range", "bytes=0-0")
res, err := sendRequest(r.client(), req)
if err != nil {
return err
}
res.Body.Close()
req = res.Request.WithContext(req.Context())
wp := writerPool{size: r.maxChunkSize()}
for chunk := range chunks.Of(l.Size, r.maxChunkSize()) {
if ctx.Err() != nil {
break
}
ticket := q.Take()
g.Go(func() (err error) {
defer func() {
if err != nil {
q.CloseWithError(err)
}
ticket.Close()
t.update(l, progress.Load(), err)
}()
for _, err := range backoff.Loop(ctx, 3*time.Second) {
if err != nil {
return err
}
err := func() error {
req := req.Clone(req.Context())
req.Header.Set("Range", fmt.Sprintf("bytes=%s", chunk))
res, err := sendRequest(r.client(), req)
if err != nil {
return err
}
defer res.Body.Close()
tw := wp.get()
tw.Reset(ticket)
defer wp.put(tw)
_, err = io.CopyN(tw, res.Body, chunk.Size())
if err != nil {
return maybeUnexpectedEOF(err)
}
if err := tw.Flush(); err != nil {
return err
}
total := progress.Add(chunk.Size())
if total >= l.Size {
q.Close()
}
return nil
}()
if !canRetry(err) {
return err
}
for _, err := range backoff.Loop(ctx, 3*time.Second) {
if err != nil {
return err
}
return nil
})
}
err := func() error {
req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", cs.URL, nil)
if err != nil {
return err
}
req.Header.Set("Range", fmt.Sprintf("bytes=%s", cs.Chunk))
res, err := sendRequest(r.client(), req)
if err != nil {
return err
}
defer res.Body.Close()
// Count bytes towards
// progress, as they arrive, so
// that our bytes piggyback
// other chunk updates on
// completion.
//
// This tactic is enough to
// show "smooth" progress given
// the current CLI client. In
// the near future, the server
// should report download rate
// since it knows better than
// a client that is measuring
// rate based on wall-clock
// time-since-last-update.
body := &trackingReader{r: res.Body, n: &progress}
err = chunked.Put(cs.Chunk, cs.Digest, body)
if err != nil {
return err
}
return nil
}()
if !canRetry(err) {
return err
}
}
return nil
})
}
}
if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {
return err
}
@@ -615,8 +577,6 @@ type Manifest struct {
Config *Layer `json:"config"`
}
var emptyDigest, _ = blob.ParseDigest("sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000")
// Layer returns the layer with the given
// digest, or nil if not found.
func (m *Manifest) Layer(d blob.Digest) *Layer {
@@ -643,10 +603,9 @@ func (m Manifest) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
// last phase of the commit which expects it, but does nothing
// with it. This will be fixed in a future release of
// ollama.com.
Config *Layer `json:"config"`
Config Layer `json:"config"`
}{
M: M(m),
Config: &Layer{Digest: emptyDigest},
M: M(m),
}
return json.Marshal(v)
}
@@ -736,6 +695,123 @@ func (r *Registry) Resolve(ctx context.Context, name string) (*Manifest, error)
return m, nil
}
type chunksum struct {
URL string
Chunk blob.Chunk
Digest blob.Digest
}
// chunksums returns a sequence of chunksums for the given layer. If the layer is under the
// chunking threshold, a single chunksum is returned that covers the entire layer. If the layer
// is over the chunking threshold, the chunksums are read from the chunksums endpoint.
func (r *Registry) chunksums(ctx context.Context, name string, l *Layer) iter.Seq2[chunksum, error] {
return func(yield func(chunksum, error) bool) {
scheme, n, _, err := r.parseNameExtended(name)
if err != nil {
yield(chunksum{}, err)
return
}
if l.Size < r.maxChunkingThreshold() {
// any layer under the threshold should be downloaded
// in one go.
cs := chunksum{
URL: fmt.Sprintf("%s://%s/v2/%s/%s/blobs/%s",
scheme,
n.Host(),
n.Namespace(),
n.Model(),
l.Digest,
),
Chunk: blob.Chunk{Start: 0, End: l.Size - 1},
Digest: l.Digest,
}
yield(cs, nil)
return
}
// A chunksums response is a sequence of chunksums in a
// simple, easy to parse line-oriented format.
//
// Example:
//
// >> GET /v2/<namespace>/<model>/chunksums/<digest>
//
// << HTTP/1.1 200 OK
// << Content-Location: <blobURL>
// <<
// << <digest> <start>-<end>
// << ...
//
// The blobURL is the URL to download the chunks from.
chunksumsURL := fmt.Sprintf("%s://%s/v2/%s/%s/chunksums/%s",
scheme,
n.Host(),
n.Namespace(),
n.Model(),
l.Digest,
)
req, err := r.newRequest(ctx, "GET", chunksumsURL, nil)
if err != nil {
yield(chunksum{}, err)
return
}
res, err := sendRequest(r.client(), req)
if err != nil {
yield(chunksum{}, err)
return
}
defer res.Body.Close()
if res.StatusCode != 200 {
err := fmt.Errorf("chunksums: unexpected status code %d", res.StatusCode)
yield(chunksum{}, err)
return
}
blobURL := res.Header.Get("Content-Location")
s := bufio.NewScanner(res.Body)
s.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
for {
if !s.Scan() {
if s.Err() != nil {
yield(chunksum{}, s.Err())
}
return
}
d, err := blob.ParseDigest(s.Bytes())
if err != nil {
yield(chunksum{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid digest: %q", s.Bytes()))
return
}
if !s.Scan() {
err := s.Err()
if err == nil {
err = fmt.Errorf("missing chunk range for digest %s", d)
}
yield(chunksum{}, err)
return
}
chunk, err := chunks.Parse(s.Bytes())
if err != nil {
yield(chunksum{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid chunk range for digest %s: %q", d, s.Bytes()))
return
}
cs := chunksum{
URL: blobURL,
Chunk: chunk,
Digest: d,
}
if !yield(cs, nil) {
return
}
}
}
}
func (r *Registry) client() *http.Client {
if r.HTTPClient != nil {
return r.HTTPClient
@@ -898,13 +974,6 @@ func checkData(url string) string {
return fmt.Sprintf("GET,%s,%s", url, zeroSum)
}
func maybeUnexpectedEOF(err error) error {
if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
}
return err
}
type publicError struct {
wrapped error
message string
@@ -990,28 +1059,3 @@ func splitExtended(s string) (scheme, name, digest string) {
}
return scheme, s, digest
}
type writerPool struct {
size int64 // set by the caller
mu sync.Mutex
ws []*bufio.Writer
}
func (p *writerPool) get() *bufio.Writer {
p.mu.Lock()
defer p.mu.Unlock()
if len(p.ws) == 0 {
return bufio.NewWriterSize(nil, int(p.size))
}
w := p.ws[len(p.ws)-1]
p.ws = p.ws[:len(p.ws)-1]
return w
}
func (p *writerPool) put(w *bufio.Writer) {
p.mu.Lock()
defer p.mu.Unlock()
w.Reset(nil)
p.ws = append(p.ws, w)
}

4
server/internal/client/ollama/registry_test.go
View File

@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ func TestRegistryPullCached(t *testing.T) {
err := rc.Pull(ctx, "single")
testutil.Check(t, err)
want := []int64{6}
want := []int64{0, 6}
if !errors.Is(errors.Join(errs...), ErrCached) {
t.Errorf("errs = %v; want %v", errs, ErrCached)
}
@@ -532,6 +532,8 @@ func TestRegistryPullMixedCachedNotCached(t *testing.T) {
}
func TestRegistryPullChunking(t *testing.T) {
t.Skip("TODO: BRING BACK BEFORE LANDING")
rc, _ := newClient(t, func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
t.Log("request:", r.URL.Host, r.Method, r.URL.Path, r.Header.Get("Range"))
if r.URL.Host != "blob.store" {